Milk Replacer versus Whole Milk: Effects on Calf Performance
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چکیده
Introduction The use of pasteurized waste (i.e., nonsalable) milk as a liquid feed for calves has increased in recent years (NAHMS 2002; NAHMS 2007) due to greater availability of on-farm pasteurizers. Properly pasteurized waste milk can be a high-quality source of nutrients for young calves, and is oftentimes thought of as supporting superior calf health and performance compared with conventional milk replacer programs. This view is accurate when considered in the context of nutrient concentration; pasteurized waste milk often contains much greater concentrations of protein and fat (Jorgensen et al., 2006) and will likely result in greater crude protein and fat intake compared with a conventional milk replacer program. The primary areas of concern with pasteurized waste milk are bacterial contamination, variation in nutrient intake, and the low concentrations of vitamins and minerals compared with milk replacer.
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